How to shut down a computer

How to shut down a computer Shutting down a computer allows the computer to close all open programs and exit the operating system, so nothing is running when the computer turns off. Below are the steps on how you can shut down your computer based off the operating system you are running on the computer. If you are not sure what operating system you are using see our steps on determining a computer operating system . Note: If computer is frozen, see our what to do when computer freezes document for steps on shutting down a frozen computer. Windows 10 Windows 8 and 8.1 Windows Vista and Windows 7 Microsoft Windows 95, 98, NT, ME, 2000, and XP MS-DOS and Windows command line Shut down in a Chromebook Apple Mac OS Linux Shut down in Windows 10 1. Press the Windows key on the keyboard or click the Start button , 2. Click the Power option and click Shut down . or Press Ctrl + Alt + Del and click the power button in the bottom right-hand corner of the screen. or From the Windows Desktop , press Alt + F4 to get the Shut Down Windows screen shown below. Tip: If you have no mouse, while in the Shut Down window use the Tab key and arrow keys to switch between fields and when selected use the Enter key or the spacebar to select what is highlighted.

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File attributes and NTFS permissions

Chapter 5 - File attributes and NTFS permissions We’ve already mentioned both file attributes and NTFS permissions throughout this book. In this chapter we’ll take a closer look at file attributes, and discuss how to view and change attributes from the command line. We’ll also examine NTFS permissions, which are considerably more powerful than file attributes, and discuss how to view and alter them as well. WHAT ARE FILE ATTRIBUTES? “File attributes” are basically pieces of metadata that contain additional information about the file. In Windows, files generally have their names, their types (defined by the file’s extension), and their timestamps. (Certain kinds of files, such as MP3 music files, have additional kinds of metadata, such as the album and artist name.) With file attributes, however, there are four additional pieces of information that you can add to a file. These four pieces of information are: -Archive,...

Methods used for the calculation of areas in Surveying

Methods used for the calculation of areas in Surveying: Simpson’s rule Trapezoidal rule Graphical rule Simpson’s Rule Statement It states that, sum of first and last ordinates has to be done. Add twice the sum of remaining odd ordinates and four times the sum of remaining even ordinates. Multiply to this total sum by 1/3 rd of the common distance between the ordinates which gives the required area. Where O 1 , O 2 , O 3 , …. O n are the lengths of the ordinates x = common distance n = number of divisions Note: This rule is applicable only if ordinates are odd, i.e. even number of divisions. If the number of ordinates are even, the area of last division maybe calculated separated and added to the result obtained by applying Simpson’s rule to two remaining ordinates. Even if first or last ordinate happens to be zero, they are not to be omitted from Simpson’s rule. The following offsets are taken from a chain line to an irregular boundary toward...

About creating partition

About creating partition To create partition is actually to partition hard drive. Only after you creating partition(s) on a disk, can you make use of the disk to save all kinds of data. All physical parameter of a disk are set when you create partition(s) on it, including MBR (Main Boot Record) and the destination for storing boot record backup. For other information later needed for the management of file system and other operating systems, it will be achieved by later advanced format. What are the advantages of creating partitions? Generally speaking, creating more than one partition enables you to have operating system separate from data, deploy multi-boot setups, and keep frequently used programs and data near each other. Therefore, you can manage your computer with ease. If there is only one partition (namely C drive) on disk: When recovering the system, the whole c disk (the system disk) will be formatted. If all data are saved in c disk, they will all be wiped a...

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